ABSTRACT
Introdução: Esofagite eosinofílica (EoE) é uma doença inflamatória crônica do esôfago, mediada imunologicamente e caracterizada por sintomas relacionados com disfunção esofágica e infiltração da mucosa esofágica por eosinófilos (Eo). Os objetivos foram caracterizar os doentes com diagnóstico de EoE e analisar as diferenças entre doentes com diagnóstico em idade pediátrica (Cr, < 18 anos) e adulta (Ad, ≥ 18 anos). Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospetivo dos doentes seguidos no serviço de Imunoalergologia, no período de Fev/2009 a Jul/2017, com diagnóstico de EoE. Foram divididos em dois grupos, Cr e Ad, caracterizados de acordo com dados demográficos, história de atopia, sintomas, sensibilizações alimentares, IgE Total, eosinofilia, achados na endoscopia digestiva alta e biópsias. Avaliou-se a correlação entre sensibilização alimentar, clínica grave (ClinG), ou seja, idas ao serviço de urgência ou internamento por complicações de EoE ou histologia grave (HistG), biópsia com Eo > 50 e/ou microabcessos. Resultados: 74 pacientes (81% sexo masculino, média de idades 27±17 anos), 36 Cr e 38 Ad. Os sintomas mais frequentemente reportados foram, no grupo Cr disfagia (73%) e refluxo gastroesofágico (46%), enquanto no grupo Ad impactação (85%) e disfagia (56%). Foram referidos antecedentes de atopia em 96% das Cr, e 67% dos Ad. Em 77% das Cr e 69% dos Ad havia sensibilização alimentar. Os achados endoscópicos mais frequentes no grupo Cr foram estriação (65%) e placas brancas (50%), enquanto que no grupo Ad foram placas brancas (42%) e anéis esofágicos (35%). HistG (46%) associou-se a ClinG (35%), p = 0,001, nas Cr, mas o mesmo não foi objetivado no grupo Ad [ClinG (22%) e HistG (17%), p = 0,5]. Conclusão: Os nossos resultados estão de acordo com o descrito na literatura, observando-se um predomínio do sexo masculino e uma maior frequência de história de atopia e sensibilização alimentar no grupo Cr. As situações graves de impactação e estenose esofágica foram mais frequentes nos Ad, e objetivou-se uma associação de histologia grave com clínica grave, apenas nas Cr.
Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus characterized by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction and eosinophilic infiltration in the esophageal mucosa. This study aimed to characterize patients with a diagnosis of EoE and analyze differences between patients with EoE diagnosed at pediatric age (Ch, <18 years) and at adult age (Ad, ≥18 years). Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of EoE who were followed in the immunoallergology department from February 2009 to July 2017. Patients were divided into Ch and Ad groups and characterized according to demographic data, history of atopy, symptoms, food sensitization, total IgE, eosinophils (Eo), upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) findings, and biopsy findings. Correlations were assessed between food sensitization, clinical severity (SClin; determined by number of ER visits or hospital admissions for EoE complications), and severe histology (SHist; defined as biopsy with Eo >50 and/or microabscesses). Results: 74 patients (81% male, mean age 27±17 years), 36 Ch and 38 Ad. The most commonly reported symptoms were dysphagia (73%) and gastroesophageal reflux (46%) in the Ch group, and impaction (85%) and dysphagia (56%) in the Ad group. History of atopy was reported in 96% of Ch vs 67% of Ad. Food sensitization was found in 77% of Ch vs 69% of Ad. The most common UDE findings were striation (65%) and white plaques (50%) in the Ch group, and white plaques (42%) and esophageal rings (35%) in the Ad group. SHist (46%) was associated with SClin (35%) in Ch (p=0.001), but not in Ad (SClin [22%] and SHist [17%], p=0.5). Conclusion: Our results are consistent with those reported in the literature, with a male predominance and a higher prevalence of atopy and food sensitization in Ch. Severe impaction and esophageal stenosis were more frequent in Ad, but an association between SHist and SClin was found only in Ch.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eosinophilic Esophagitis , Patients , Signs and Symptoms , Immunoglobulin E , Deglutition Disorders , Gastroesophageal Reflux , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Diagnosis , Allergy and Immunology , Eosinophils , Esophageal Mucosa , Food Hypersensitivity , MethodsABSTRACT
La esofagitis eosinofílica es una condición recientemente descrita, que puede presentarse a cualquier edad y es actualmente la causa más común de disfagia e impactación alimentaria en el adulto, otros síntomas incluyen pirosis, náuseas, vómitos y dolor retroesternal. El diagnóstico comienza con la sospecha clínica, sin embargo el médico se apoya fuertemente en los hallazgos endoscópicos y morfológicos para obtener el diagnóstico en los pacientes con esta entidad. Describir los hallazgos endoscópicos y morfológicos en pacientes con esofagitis eosinofílica. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal. Se incluyeron 7 pacientes con historia clínica sugestiva de esofagitis eosinofílica. Se realizó endoscopia digestiva superior en estos pacientes en busca de hallazgos endoscópicos reportados para esta entidad (como son surcos longitudinales, anillos concéntricos) y se tomaron biopsias de todos los segmentos esofágicos obteniéndose el diagnóstico histológico morfológico en presencia de hiperplasia acentuada del estrato basal, presencia de eosinófilos intraepiteliales, y un contaje mayor de 24 eosinófilos por campo de mayor aumento (40x). El 86% de nuestros pacientes fueron masculinos, en edades comprendidas entre los 21 y 43 años. La evolución del cuadro clínico fue de 1 a 72 meses y los síntomas de presentación más comunes fueron disfagia (100%), pirosis (71,4%) y la impactación alimentaria (57,1%). Los hallazgos endoscópicos más frecuentes fueron los surcos longitudinales (100%) y los anillos concéntricos (71,4%), solo se observó estrechez en un paciente. Todos los pacientes estudiados presentaron hiperplasia de la capa basal, eosinófilos intraepiteliales y contaje aumentado de eosinófilos. Los hallazgos endoscópicos y morfológicos permiten obtener el diagnóstico de esofagitis eosinofílica, en pacientes con historia clínica sugestiva de esta entidad...
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a recently-described condition that may be present at any age and currently is the most common cause of dysfagia and food impactation in adults; other symptoms include heartburn, nausea, vomits, and retrosternal pain. Diagnosis begins with the clinical suspicion; however, the physician strongly relies on endoscopic and morphological findings for obtaining the diagnosis in patients with this entity. Describing the endoscopic and morphological findings in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. A cross-sectioned retrospective descriptive analysis was performed. 7 patients were included, who had a clinical record that suggested eosinophilic esophagitis. An upper digestive endoscopy was performed in these patients to look for the endoscopic findings reported for this entity - such as longitudinal grooves, concentric rings - and biopsy samples were taken of all the esophageal segments, and the histological morphological diagnosis was obtained in the presence of basal layer hyperplasia, presence of intraepithelial eosinophils, and a count higher than 24 eosinophils per higher power field (40x). 86% of patients were males between ages ranging from 21 and 43. The clinical setting evolution was 1-72 months, and the more-commonly present symptoms were: dysfagia (100%), heartburn (71.4%), and food impactation (57.1%). The most frequent findings were longitudinal grooves (100%), and concentric rings (71.4%); narrowness was found in one patient only. All patients in the study showed basal layer hyperplasia, intraepithelial eosinophils, and increased count of eosinophils. Endoscopic and morphological findings allow to obtaining the eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosis in patients whose clinical record suggests this entity...